The Rondo Company: Evaluation of Financing Options

Memorandum on the Financing Options

This memorandum evaluates the different long-term financing options available to the company for the new project to manufacture new types of pipes as well as for future expansion needs of the Company.

Normally the guiding principle for deciding on the debt/equity mix is the maximization of the firm value in terms of the value of its stock. It is for the financial managers to arrive at a proper debt/equity mix and this decision is primarily affected by the funding needs of the firm in the context of the uncertainty of the future earnings of the firm. It also depends on the accessibility of the capital market by the firm. The financial manager has also to ensure that the shareholder value is maximized by borrowing at the lowest cost of capital. Thus the choice of the firm’s optimum financing mix is “based on a tradeoff between the benefits and costs of choosing debt versus equity.” (Business.UUC)

In the matter of financing the capital expenditure projects the firms are always confronted with the decision to choose from paying large dividends with the retention of lower profits leading to heavy external financing for future investments or to pay retain higher profits by paying lower dividend so that they need to resort to lower external financing for the future investments. Hence the dividend policy of a firm decided the debt/equity mix of the company’s capital structure.

Characteristics and Costs of Various Debt and Equity Instruments

The equity form of financing the long term needs of a firm involves the issue of different kinds of stocks. The equity form of investment allows the firm to reduce personal risks of the owners. Even in case the business fails, the firm has to repay the debts being the borrowings by the company or the firm has to get the loans reorganized the debt repayment under bankruptcy protection. The cost of financing through equity is the dividend that the firm has to pay to the investors. Equity is considered more expensive than debt as the equity investor usually undertakes more risk and hence expects more return on the investments. Thus the cost of financing with equity is usually significantly higher than financing with debt.

Another type of equity is represented by the preferred stock. The dividends are payable are in preference to the payment of dividends on the common stock. “The amount of dividends that will be paid to the holders of preferred shares may be stated as a percent of its par value, or as a flat dollar amount.” (Business Reference)

Debentures and bonds represent some of the debt instruments. In contrast to the equity form of financing debt instruments do not provide any ownership rights to the bondholders. The cost of long term debt is the after-tax cost of borrowing through the issuance of bonds. The proceeds of the bonds are reduced by the costs incurred to issue and sell the securities which are known as flotation costs. It is important to state the cost of financing on an after-tax basis. This is so because the interest payable on debt financing is tax-deductible.

Long Term Financing Alternatives

There are different alternatives available for funding the long term financing needs of the firm. The firm may decide to finance its long term needs through various alternative forms like equity, bonds or leasing.

Equity

Equity represents the fundamental ownership units of the corporation. The firm may resort to equity in the form of common stock or preferred stock. The common stocks provide ownership to the stockholders. Usually certain voting rights are attached to the common stock. The option of using equity as long term financing alternative allows the firm to sell its shares to the investors who provides the necessary funds for financing the long term capital investment needs of the company. By using the equity form of financing the firm can use the funds accumulated through the issue of equity to grow the business instead of spending the cash on payment of interest and repayment of the loan.

Bonds

A bond represents a debt security. The issuer of the bond becomes the debtor for the bond holder and the bond issuer is obligated to make the repayment of the principal and interest borrowed on an agreed future date. The bond should be considered as a loan covered with security. The issuer of the bond is the borrower and the bond holder is the lender. By issuing the bonds the firm should be able to finance the long-term investment with the funds from external sources. Although both bonds and stocks are considered as securities the bond holders are lenders to the issuing company but the stockholders represent the owners of the firm.

Changes in some of the associated factors will influence the value of the bonds as and when such changes occur during the currency of the bonds. Since the yield and the price of a bond have an inverse relationship the changes in the market interest rates affect the bond prices.

The various financing options for Rondos are presented in the following table:

OptionsAmount of FinanceNumber of YearsRate of Interest/DividendTotal Cash OutflowPresent Value
Common Stock$1,500,000
Common Stock$5,000,000
Mortgage Bond$8,000,000109.00%$11,960,000$7,806,455
Mortgage Bond$13,000,000109.00%$16,960,000$10,929,539
Convertible Bond$10,000,000108.63%$18,630,000$9,031,372
Preferred Stock$8,000,000159.38%$18,155,200$7,554,975
Preferred Stock$13,000,000159.38%$29,502,200$12,276,835
Bank Loan$10,000,000611.5%$14,600,000$10,589,425

In the case of common stocks with the issue of $ 15,000,000 million worth stocks, there is a higher level of dilution at 22% and more dividend payments to the new equity holders as the management is keen on maintaining the current rate of dividend. Therefore the Company can consider issuing a lower level of common equity.

In the case of mortgage debentures of $ 8,000,000 the cost of debt is only 9% which is less than the Weighted Average Cost of Capital of the company (WACC) which is calculated at 9.62%. The interest on mortgage debentures can also be charged off against profits for taxation purposes. However with a higher mortgage bond of $ 13,000,000 the company will become more geared and hence it is suggested to keep a lower level of debt.

In the case of convertible bonds though the cost of funds is low at 8.63% and the present value as is comparatively lower, there is the potential risk of the bond holders exercising their option when there are changes in the market conditions. Similarly issuing the preferred stock also is undesirable from the point of view of cost and dilution of ownership.

Considering all the issues discussed, it is recommended that the company issues common equity of $ 5,000,000 and obtain debt fund through the issue of mortgage bonds to the extent of

$ 8,000,000 to meet its acquisition of Poly Pipe and to meet the financial needs of the expansion plans. This way the company can maintain its gearing ratio as well as get the tax advantage from the interest payments on the mortgage bonds.

References

Business Reference ‘Cost of Capital’. Web.

Business UUC ‘The Firm’s Financial Policy’. Web.

Appendix

COMMON STOCK
Price of Share$62$62
Flotation$9$9
Net Per Share to Equity$53$53
Current Shares Outstanding1,000,0001,000,000
Financing Needed$15,000,000$5,000,000
Current Shares Outstanding1,000,0001,000,000
Required Shares283,01994,340
New Share Total1,283,0191,094,340
Dilution
New Shares/ Total Shares22%9%
Cost of Common Stock
Flotation Cost/ Stock Price15%15%
Existing shares as % of total common stock after issue of new shares78%91%
MORTGAGE BOND
Without Poly Pipe Purchase
9.00%9.62%
YearBalance of DebtPrincipal PaymentInterest PaymentCash OutlayPV of cash outlay
20058,000,000800,000720,0001,520,0001,386,608
20067,200,000800,000648,0001,448,0001,205,005
20076,400,000800,000576,0001,376,0001,044,598
20085,600,000800,000504,0001,304,000903,064
20094,800,000800,000432,0001,232,000778,326
20104,000,000800,000360,0001,160,000668,527
20113,200,000800,000288,0001,088,000572,006
20122,400,000800,000216,0001,016,000487,276
20131,600,000800,000144,000944,000413,013
2014800,000800,00072,000872,000348,031
20150
Total3,960,00011,960,0007,806,455
Stated value/stated amount of interest is 9.00%
Researched value of similar debt is 9.62% (WACC)
Repayment of principal 10%
MORTGAGE BOND
With Poly Pipe Purchase
9.00%9.62%
YearBalance of DebtPrincipal PaymentInterest PaymentCash OutlayPV of cash outlay
200513,000,0001,300,000720,0002,020,0001,842,729
200612,200,0001,300,000648,0001,948,0001,621,098
200711,400,0001,300,000576,0001,876,0001,424,175
200810,600,0001,300,000504,0001,804,0001,249,330
20099,800,0001,300,000432,0001,732,0001,094,206
20109,000,0001,300,000360,0001,660,000956,686
20118,200,0001,300,000288,0001,588,000834,876
20127,400,0001,300,000216,0001,516,000727,078
20136,600,0001,300,000144,0001,444,000413,013
20145,800,0001,300,00072,0001,372,000547,591
20150
Total13,000,0003,960,00016,960,00010,929,539
Stated value/stated amount of interest is 9.00%
Researched value of similar debt is 9.62% (WACC)
Repayment of principal 10%
CONVERTIBLE BONDS
Conversion Price64
Market Price62
Conversion Premium2
Amount of Bonds$10,000,000
Face Value$1,000
No of Bonds10000
Conversion Premium$20,000
PV of Interest Calculations
8.63% 9.62%
YearBalance of DebtPrincipal PaymentInterest PaymentCash OutlayPV of cash outlay
200510,000,000863,000863,000787,265
200610,000,000863,000863,000718,177
200710,000,000863,000863,000655,151
200810,000,000863,000863,000597,656
200910,000,000863,000863,000545,207
201010,000,000863,000863,000497,361
201110,000,000863,000863,000453,714
201210,000,000863,000863,000413,897
201310,000,000863,000863,000377,574
201410,000,000863,000863,000344,439
2015010,000,000 10,000,0003,640,929
Total 8,630,00018,630,0009,031,372
PREFERRED STOCK
Number of Warrants per Preferred Stock13
Face Value of the Preferred Stock$100
Stock Price of each Warrant$77
Conversion Premium ($ 77 – $ 64)13
Amount of Preferred Stock (without Poly Pipe)$8,000,000
Face Value$100
No of Bonds80000
Conversion Premium$1,040,000
Repayment at $ 105 per stock$8,400,000
Amount of Preferred Stock (without Poly Pipe)$13,000,000
Face Value$100
No of Bonds130000
Conversion Premium$1,690,000
Repayment at $ 105 per stock$13,650,000
Without Poly Pipe Purchase
9.38% 9.62%
YearAmount of Preferred StockPrincipal PaymentDividend PaymentCash OutlayPV of cash outlay
18,000,000750,400750,400684,547
28,000,000750,400750,400624,472
38,000,000750,400750,400569,670
48,000,000750,400750,400519,677
58,000,000750,400750,400474,071
68,000,000750,400750,400432,468
78,000,000750,400750,400394,516
88,000,000750,400750,400359,894
98,000,000750,400750,400328,310
108,000,000750,400750,400299,499
118,000,000750,400750,400273,215
128,000,000750,400750,400249,239
138,000,000750,400750,400227,366
14
15 8,400,000 8,400,0002,118,031
Total 9,755,20018,155,2007,554,975
With Poly Pipe Purchase
9.38% 9.62%
YearAmount of Preferred StockPrincipal PaymentDividend PaymentCash OutlayPV of cash outlay
113,000,0001,219,4001,219,4001,112,388
213,000,0001,219,4001,219,4001,014,768
313,000,0001,219,4001,219,400925,714
413,000,0001,219,4001,219,400844,475
513,000,0001,219,4001,219,400770,366
613,000,0001,219,4001,219,400702,761
713,000,0001,219,4001,219,400641,088
813,000,0001,219,4001,219,400584,828
913,000,0001,219,4001,219,400533,504
1013,000,0001,219,4001,219,400486,685
1113,000,0001,219,4001,219,400443,975
1213,000,0001,219,4001,219,400405,013
1313,000,0001,219,4001,219,400369,470
14 0
15 13,650,000 13,650,0003,441,800
Total 14,632,80029,502,20012,276,835
BANK LOAN
11.50% 9.62%
YearBalance of DebtPrincipal PaymentInterest PaymentCash OutlayPV of cash outlay
200510,000,0001,150,0001,150,0001049079
200610,000,0002,000,0001,150,0003,150,0002621386
20078,000,0002,000,000920,0002,920,0002216733
20086,000,0002,000,000690,0002,690,0001862915
20094,000,0002,000,000460,0002,460,0001554126
20102,000,0002,000,000230,0002,230,0001285186
Total 10,000,0004,600,00014,600,00010,589,425
Stated value/stated amount of interest is 11.50%
Researched value of similar debt is 9.62% (WACC)
Repayment of principal In 5 Years at $ 2,000,000 per year
WACC CALCULATION
WACC
AmountPre-taxAfter taxWeightWeighted Cost
Bank Loan7,500,000.006.00%3.60%17.26%0.62%
Retained earnings are $21mmMortgage Bond5,000,000.007.50%4.50%11.50%0.52%
Common Stock9,587,500.0011.90%11.90%22.06%2.63%
Retained Earnings21,372,500.0011.90%11.90%49.18%5.85%
43,460,000.00 100%9.62%
MWACC
AmountPre-taxAfter taxWeightWeighted Cost
Bank Loan5,450,000.006.25%3.75%8.55%0.32%
Rondo doesn’t have Swiss loanMortgage Bond5,492,832.406.32%3.79%8.62%0.33%
Rondo doesn’t have bondCommon Stock29,330,000.0011.90%11.90%46.02%5.48%
Retained Earnings23,467,100.0011.90%11.90%36.82%4.38%
63,739,932.40 100%10.50%
Notes:
Bank loan is PV of the final 2006 and 2007 amount. Amount from relates to current PV discount rate
Mortgage bond is add of PV of 2007-end of bond. Amount is discount rate from prior week
Common stock – $29.33 per share calculated. 1mm shares outstanding (previous week)
Retained Earnings from 2006 from week 2
CAPM is same for each. Calculated from previous week.

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