Introduction The general influence of globalization has seen increased integration of the global community as well as interdependence. The demand for foreign currency is on the rise. Governments have the demand for foreign exchange reserves to ensure economic stability. For more and more engaged of Australia and US in trade...
For a long time, the behaviors of finance practitioners were assumed to follow specific characters that were given in financial theories. As a result, forecasting of future events was done on assumption that human beings are rational and they operate in a specified way. However, it was discovered that investors...
Introduction The global financial sector has witnessed forceful pressure since the international fiscal structure is developing fast owing to the effects of the creation of the Global Trade Association. âDeregulating the financial sectors and financial services, the increasing use of information technology, and the huge speed of dispensing financial information...
With the development of productive forces in a competitive environment, the importance of competencies determined by non-material factors begins to prevail. However, with the development of new technological structures, and because of global political and economic shifts, the primary condition for success is the presence of a company’s assets of...
Introduction Insurance involves transferring the risk of suffering a loss from one individual or corporation to another. The insured is the entity that has purchased the insurance policy to shield from an impending risk that may lead to a loss. The insurer is the individual or company which offers to...
Financial markets are viable areas that investors need to focus on in contemporary times. They are typical marketplaces that provide the platforms for the purchases and sales of financial assets such as foreign exchange, stocks, derivatives, and bonds (Adambekova and Andekina, 2013). The financial markets play a pivotal role in...
Summary Budgeting enables an organization to plan for future financial activities. Budgets show the income an organization expects and the total expenses to be incurred. They are prepared based on the past financial activities of the entity and the future plans of the organization. In most cases, entities do not...
Data Analysis The study involved the use of quantitative analysis, which is the use of questionnaires, and qualitative analysis. There were two areas of study, one being predominantly Muslim and the other a distributed population. The tool of analysis employed was SPSS. It adopted the one tailed test method to...
Abstract This paper demonstrates the use of real financial data in financial analysis in decision-making for potential investors. The objective is to carry out a broad financial analysis for ENGlobal Company. It explores the various techniques and tools used for financial analysis. In the analysis, we use financial data from...
Introduction In 2008, the world witnessed some of the most severe economic and financial crises of our time. Many financial systems collapsed and subsequently, financial institutions halted their services. As banks liquidated and others faced collapse, it became apparent that the government had to do something to salvage the little...
Introduction This project paper discusses Teco Energy Company, a public company, which is listed on the NYSE market. Teco Energy is a diversified utility holding company. Teco Energy Companyâs main operating subsidiary is Tampa Electric Company which is an electric utility serving 672,000 customers in West-central Florida (Teco Energy 5-...
Introduction Universal Insurance Holding, which is currently headquartered in Florida, US covers properties of several firms and individuals against various risks that are measurable in the insurance industry. It also offers other services that are available in the insurance industry. These services include the underwriting of insurance, dealing with claims,...
Introduction The primary function of a central bank is the maintenance of price stability. Central banks use monetary policies to control price stability. The intent of monetary policies is the creation of a stable environment for business. Economic development results due to the existence of a stable business environment. Price...
Introduction The United States financial decline that occurred in 1929, prompted many accountants and auditors to believe that unregulated financial markets are inherently unstable and under threat from fraud and manipulation by insiders. This scenario was capable of causing deep financial, social and political unrest. In the mid-1930s, the United...
Overview of Banking and financial intermediaries Financial intermediation is the process by which funds are channeled between the surplus and deficit agents. On the other hand, financial intermediary is a financial institution that enables this process to happen by bringing together these two agents. In essence, financial intermediaries channel funds...
SWOT Analysis Strengths St Edith Memorial Hospital indicates a variety of strengths since it has effective facilities, as well as being equipped with competent and skilled personnel. The hospital has adequate number of employees with diverse proficiencies and skills. For instance, the CEO, Michael Gonzel is an administrator and an...
Introduction Credit rating agencies are intermediaries that determine the financial capabilities of countries, multinational corporations, and local companies. Credit rating agencies are known to act as a linkage between issuers and buyers of debt securities. Moreover, credit rating agencies determine the risks of securities before such securities are sold to...
Introduction Companies formulate credit terms to determine various variables used to offer credit to customers in purchasing goods and services (Lee, & Lee, 2006). Credit terms usually address percentages of discounts that the customer should be offered upon purchase of certain quantities of a product. These terms also express the...
Introduction This project proposal focuses on the British Petroleum (BP) Company. The company seeks to obtain funding and manage a project budget for purchasing equipment and increasing workersâ safety (âBP Sells Non-Strategic Assetsâ, 2012). In this regard, various investment appraising methodologies have been employed in evaluating the economic viability of...
Introduction The majority of the Eurozone countries are struggling with national debts and large deficits in their budgets. This has resulted in the loss of confidence by investors as well as unsettled financial markets. Financial institutions such as the European Commission (EC), the European Central Bank (ECB), and the International...
Abstract Several factors influence the operational efficiency of UAE Financial Institutions. This paper has adopted the factor analysis approach to bring out efficiency factors in the UAE financial institutions sector. For easy and accurate analysis, all financial institutions including banks and other public institutions will be sampled. However, selection will...
Introduction Interest rate is the rate at which an organization, especially a financial institution acquires its profit. In the recent past, there have been several instances of interest rate swap among and between financial institutions and companies among others. Basically, an interest rate swap can be viewed to be an...
Introduction Credit rating agencies are companies specializing in the assignment of credit ratings for debt obligation issuers and other related instruments of debt. Credit rating, therefore, seeks to gauge the worth of the credit of a security issuer; in other words, the ability of the issuer to pay back a...
Impacts of US Financial Markets on Economy US financial markets affect the economy, businesses, and individuals in many ways. Financial instruments such as stocks and bonds influence the flow of savings and investments in the entire economy. This in turn allows for the accumulation of capital and increased national output....
Many people have a problem obtaining loans because they donât know how to establish a good credit score. They find a poor credit score in their credit profile resulting from minor things that they could have avoided. Every lender will not take any risk of providing funds to someone or...
Introduction Fraud in societies as well as in organizations has gone to the highest pedigree such that researchers have seen it as a threatening issue and thus worth researching on. The researchers in sociology are particularly interested in giving solutions to the several controversies that ensue in white-collar jobs as...
Introduction Fraud is still one of the most controversial issues in the auditing profession. In the UK, auditors have to encounter various forms of fraud every day. There is a widely held perception in the UK that auditors must âfind fraudâ (Godfrey & Chambers 2007). Nonetheless, the actual responsibilities of...
Introduction In the U.K. the fraud estimates that were presented from the âNational Fraud Authorityâ indicate that the fraud cost to the economy of the country in the year 2008 was put at thirty billion pounds. It is believed that the private sector incurred losses worth 9.3 billion pounds due...
Introduction The Dodd-Frank Act of 2010 refers to a financial regulation law that was enacted after the great recession of 2008. It is also referred to as the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Anand, 2011, p.78). The main aim of the law is to regulate the major...
Introduction Financial ratios determine how effective the management of any business is. They provide the business owners with a quantitative analysis of their company who can use it to create benchmarks for comparative evaluation. The financial ratios also allow the business owners to compare their business with other similar competing...
Net Present Value (NPV) Net present value method discounts inflows and outflows thereby ascertaining the net present value through deducting discounted cash flows to obtain net present value. Present values of cash flow involve a selection of acceptable rates which will be used to discount cash inflows and outflows. Advantages...
Basel III is a sequence of adjustments to the prevailing Basel II structure. The capital appropriateness guidelines of Basel I and Basel II did not effectively apprehend risks modeled by bank disclosures to transactions such as securitizations, products and repurchase pacts or take into account the general risks linked with...
Introduction After the financial crisis, the leaders have come up with Basel III, which aims at strengthening the banking sector. However, it should be noted most countries, which had implemented Islamic banking, had little effects of the crisis. This is because Islamic banking is founded on the sharia law called...
Problem definition Islam is a minority religion in Australia. However, even though most Australians are non-Muslims, several financial institutions in the country are run on the Islamic finance regulations in the country key among them being the ATB. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, however, Islam is the dominant religion,...
The free cash flow (FCF) method is one of the most reliable methods of valuation of a firm when considering a takeover. The formula for calculating the (FCF) is: FCF = EBIT (1 – t) + Depreciation – Capital Expenditures +/- Net Working Capital. Free cash flow represents the free...
Long-term debt to total assets = long term debt / total assets Note: For Tesla, long-term debt considered consists of long-term liabilities and total stakeholdersâ equity. Tesla (2014) 3,683,889/5,849,251 = 0.63 The ratio shows that Tesla has $0.63 in long-term debt for each dollar it has in its total assets....
Introduction Almost all transactions that are carried out by business enterprises and companies are prone to some financial risk (Horcher 1). Financial risks general entail the possibility of incurring a loss or a certain degree of uncertainty on the expected return after making an investment. This therefore, means that the...
Introduction Banking crises have far reaching effects on the entire economy and in the past two decades, the frequency of these crises has increased. Banks have throughout history engaged in the business of money-lending. This business is said to pose a moral hazard to society through the inherent dangers of...
Introduction Investment is a common phenomenon in todayâs business society. It is meant to create profits for the investors. From an economic viewpoint, the process entails procuring goods that are not used at the present. On the contrary, the purchases are used later to build wealth. In finance, investment entails...
Introduction The SarbanesâOxley Act is a United States federal law that was enacted on July 29, 2002. The Act set up advanced standards for all US publicly traded companies. This Act was named after its two sponsors, Senator Paul Sarbanes and Representative Michael G. Oxley. The act was enacted after...
Introduction The capital arrangement procedure depicts the different channels in which money is exchanged between individuals who spare cash to organizations that need the cash. The exchanges can occur straightforwardly, indicating that a venture offers its shares or securities specifically for investors who give the venture money in return. Exchanges...
Introduction For many years, scholars have been working ceaselessly to explain the transient activities of the stock exchange market. However, the theories and mathematics of expounding the outcomes of the market have continued to be a complex field of study. The stock exchange market is usually involved with a process...
Diversifiable and un-diversifiable risks Investopedia (2009) defines diversification as a method that eliminates risks through allocation of investments amid different financial tools, industries and others of the same kind. The risks investors encounter are of two types namely diversifiable along with un-diversifiable risks. Diversifiable risk can be dubbed as the...
Performance Liquidity The working capital of the two companies is not adequate for their current operations considering the fact that their current ratios are below the recommended ratios of 2:1. It leaves a lot of room for liquidity. The current ratio of the Ladbrokes is 0.57 and in the years...
A summary of the key points of the companyâs financial picture that could influence the bank officerâs decision Although the company has done averagely well in its financial performance over the years, this report identifies some key features of the financial nature that may affect the companyâs ability to access...
Introduction Recent decades have seen the transition of government structures from totalitarian regimes to democratic regimes. In the Middle East, this transition is ongoing because there is a political wave of reforms that has swept through North Africa and some regions of the Middle Eastern continent. This political wave has...
The credit derivative is a financial instrument executing the transfer of part or all of the credit risk to third parties. In the global banking practice, the use of credit derivatives has grown rapidly. If in 1993, after being pioneered by J.P. Morgan’s Peter Hancock, the credit derivatives market estimated...
Executive Summary The credit crisis has negative impacts on the financial market liquidity. Such effects can be studied through analysis and evaluation of the implications of a case of the financial crisis experienced by a nation. This paper deploys the case of the 2007-2008 global financial crisis to discuss the...
Executive summary Any company doing business has to keep correct records in order to know the progress of the organization. Any business that does not keep proper records might find itself out of business since they will never know which move to take. Woolworth and Westfarmers, just as any other...
Cash conversion cycle The cash conversion cycle is an important ratio that gives information on the duration it takes a company to convert various inputs into cash flows. Thus, it reveals how long input is tied into the production procedure and the process of sale before cash is received after...
The US government seems convinced that the minimum wage law is the tool that will help improve the welfare of workers and alleviate poverty in the country. National political leaders have been asking for the federal minimum wage to be increased to $10.10 per hour. On January 1, 2015, the...
Introduction The payback period is a capital budgeting technique that determines the number of years required to get back the initial capital outlay in a capital budgeting project. The discounted payback period is an advanced payback method since it considers the time value of money by discounting the cash flows...
Abstract The adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is proof to the world of how far technology has advanced. With its conversion power, AI has brought about new challenges to the world while putting more pressure on almost all public entities in demand for change. This essay seeks to demonstrate how...
When doing business information is crucial for day-to-day operations management and for the formulation of long-term strategies. Business information can broadly be classified as accounting and non-accounting information; leaders should have access to quality, reliable, and timely information when making business decisions. In the case of Kim Fuller and Zimmer,...
Executive summary Financial statement s can be used to measure the level of profitability, efficiency and liquidity ratios. Quantaâs Airline Company has been in financial difficulties in the last five years and thus there is need to analyse the accounts and make recommendations on the way forward. This will assist...
Introduction Social and environmental reporting (SER) opens discussion on an interesting subject. SER has been discussed a lot lately insofar as what really motivates companies and corporations to adopt it. Is it ethically driven or does interest have the upper hand on the rationale. Evidence seems to converge towards the...
The article, âAustralian Stock Marketâ is an experiment that observes the function of size, book-to-market and momentum factors. The objective of the study is to explain stock proceeds in the Australian stock market. As a result of this, the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) of Sharpe and Lintner act like...
Introduction Corporate finance is an essential component of any given company. Some of the elements entailed in corporate finance include financial statements and equity financing (Demaria 2010). Consequently, this paper examines two of those elements in the context of two companies. Pet.Com and Hobby Horse (HH) are the two companies...
Introduction The company selected in this report is Etisalat (Emirates Telecommunications Corporation), which is based in United Arab Emirates and listed on Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange (ADX). The company provides telecommunication based services in different regions including Middle Eastern countries, South Asia, South East Asia and Africa. Etisalat ranks 16th,...
Introduction A Comparative Study of Structural Models of Corporate Bond Yields matches a variety of firm value-centred-models of dependent claims (Anderson & Sundaresan 2000). The article conveys an overall model that captures varieties of classical prototypes.Below are the research questions utilized by Anderson & Sundaresan: What is the approximation of...
Introduction The issue of deferred tax differs greatly under International Financial Reporting Standard and US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. The main aim of this paper is to compare the differences that arise between reporting of deferred tax using International Financial Reporting Standard and US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. It should...
Monitor PLC has posted an increase in sales from $16 million in 2008 to $19.8 million in 2011. This boasts of a 7.4 percent increase on an average in sales in 4 years. Profit after taxes also showed a significant increase of 8.5 percent on an average for 4 years....
Introduction The International Accounting Standards (IAS) is an international body that regulates accounting standards globally through the coordination of the International Accounting Standards Board while the International Financial Reporting Standards is regulated by the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee. The IAS was initially established in 1960 but commenced its operations...
Introduction Currently, the demand to invest in accordance with Islamic law continues to grow; the trend has been facilitated by viability of attractive investment packages from Islamic financial institutions. The boom has led to formation of Islamic capital markets, especially in Middle East, Malaysia, and Saudi Arabia. Some products traded...
There are different methods that can be used to value shares. For instance, the Gordon model is one of the most commonly used in stock valuation. The Gordon model assumes that a company pays constant growth dividends to its shareholders every year. The input in the model is the required...
Introduction The 2007/2008 global financial crises followed an accumulation of subprime mortgages in the US. It resulted in a period of financial instability leading to contagion in all financial markets across the world. The contagion led to adjustments in financial institutions that were prompted by bank failures as well as...
Risk-Based Auditing Introduction Through the technical knowledge and personal experience I have acquired so far, I have established that having an internal audit department in an organization is a basic requirement. When one realizes how valuable an audit department can be to a company, he or she can harness the...
Introduction Background to the study Every business aims to survive and thrive in the long term. However, the extent to which an organization attains long-term success is dependent on the management practices adopted. Management of the working capital enhances the efficiency with which an organization enhances its level of liquidity,...
Introduction Short-term debt financing is a form of financing that involves financial obligations that have to be resolved within the shortest time possible, usually within two years. This form of financing is very important in the day-to-day operations of a business enterprise or to meet a businessâs working capital requirements....
Introduction The portfolio of the discussed pension fund demonstrates the allocations in detail, and they should be taken into account for the further analysis. The fund management committee is interested in evaluating the appropriateness of the current portfolio with references to the short-term, medium-term, and long-term forecasts. The fund management...
Introduction People have different investments opportunities such as forming companies, investing in real estate, housing, and security markets, for instance, stocks and bonds among other options. An important aspect of a venture entails investing in mutual funds. These funds call for investment companies to pool together money derived from a...
The financial crisis was a period of difficulty for investors to know the undisclosed financial liabilities of banks and other financial institutions. Investors were amazed when banks which had large contingent liabilities to off balance sheet entities were forced to take on their books in 2007-2008. This portrays that audit...
Introduction The purpose of this report is to analyze the dividend policy of General Dynamics Corp. and other related factors. The report will cover what has happened to the companyâs dividend payout, dividend yield, and dividend per share in the last three years and provide explanations for the same. The...
Introduction In 2007, the world suffered global financial crisis that was believed to have originated from the United States mortgage industry; the crisis led to world economic retardation since 2008. One sector that was directly affected by the crisis is the financial market industry; financial institutions depend on strength of...
Abstract This paper analysed the relationship between Stock Returns and three ratio variables that include the Price Earnings ratio, Dividend Price ratio, and the Payout ratio. In this case, Stock Return is the dependent variable while Price Earnings ratio, Dividend price ratio, and Payout ratio are the independent variables. The...
The Codification is a specially developed research system that is created by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) to organize accounting standards, authoritative accounting information, and multiple reports in one system (Financial Accounting Standards Board 3). The FASB Codification consists of a variety of standards, accounting items, different topics, and...
Introduction Bonds refer to a form of arrears where private and public systems seek financial aid from institutions or individuals to sponsor various projects. The debt is payable at a variable or a predetermined interest rate within a specified timeframe. In nonprofessional terms, a bond is a form of an...
The organization The Clayton County Library System (CCLS) is a large firm that is dedicated to offering excellent services to its clients. It has six branches that have about 400,000 resource materials, which are in the forms of books, magazines and journal materials. In addition, the organization has about seven...
Globalization of Financial Markets and Economic Stability in the UAE Introduction In the recent past, there has been a steady rise in financial flow across borders worldwide. The main reason behind this is that institutional investors and other financial agencies, such as banks, have expanded their operations geographically (Bucur 75)....
Introduction There exist many ways, which people use to spend their money. One of the common ways of spending money is to meet individual and family expenses. Individual and family expenses compete. Therefore, it is relevant that an individual is armed with ways of prioritizing and keeping in check that...
Businesses are always striving to implement projects that are meant to increase profitability and the wealth of the shareholders. However, in the process, a number of factors need to be taken into consideration by the management and business owners. They include, among others, the mode of funding for the project....
The role of financial institutions in the intermediation process is indispensable in the economic performance of an economy. Through the process, those with surplus funds get the opportunity to have their surplus resources lent to those in need for investment purposes thereby stimulating the economic growth of a country. Failure...
The various forms of financial ratios that are calculated by businesses help to determine their financial strengths and weaknesses. The four major classifications of ratios are profitability ratios, leverage ratios, liquidity ratios and market valuation ratios. In this analysis, a systematic analysis of the ratios has been done and their...
Introduction David Green is a 47-year-old financial manager at Mayorâs Jewelers, Inc. Mr. Green has worked at the retail store for twelve years, and he has gathered enough experience in the financial field to help the company make the best decisions on merchandise management. He is also an indispensable human...
Capital budgeting is a decision-making tool used by analysts in the financial field in assessing whether or not a capital investment should be carried out in a particular project; from a financial point of view. An excellent financial analyst is supposed to have the recognition that the greater capital budgeting...
Introduction The global economic recovery in the aftermath of the global credit crunch has been slow. In developed economies such as the United States, Japan, and European Union, new government policy measures have by far helped to stabilize the financial markets. However, weaknesses in these economies pose a risk to...
âFinancial Stability in the UAEâ The global financial crisis of 2008/09 led to a slump in the UAE economy in 2009. Since then, the economy has recovered and has recorded near zero inflation rates as highlighted in the recent Central Bank of the UAE financial stability review, which has also...
Introduction With increased white-collar theft, there has been an increased demand for authentic auditing services beyond the mere substantiation of responsibility in companies. Fraud is a serious financial crime, hence understanding its detection, prevention and legal implication is very paramount to business ethical behavior. Several major accounting scandals instill fear,...
This analysis shows how a firm efficiently employs its assets in the production process. These ratios are called efficiency or asset utilization ratios (Walton, 2000). In this presentation, two ratios regularly used include inventory and receivables turnover. The receivables turnover shows how a firm manages its accounts receivables. In simpler...
Introduction All firms that prepare financial statements are required to prepare and present a statement of cash flow in conformity with IFRs. The statement of cash flow is prepared based on two years’ published financial statements. It is used as a management tool in decision-making. Firms could prepare a report...
Introduction Financial reporting entails the preparation of financial statements, which are communication documents to companiesâ stakeholders. The financial statements are mainly the income statement, the balance sheet, and the statement of cash flows. However, in their current form, the financial statements do not provide sufficient information for decision-making purposes. Analysis...
Purpose of an audit of a limited company Auditing procedures of a limited company entail a detailed and independent examination of the financial statements, policies, procedures, and records of the company to find out if it is running by the laid down standards. The audit report is of great importance...
Introduction The general impression made by annual reports in one of past financial information that is presented in the form of income statements balance sheets and cash flow statements. However, this is not enough since equity capital unlike debt capital has no feasible repayment dates and cannot, therefore, be restrictively...
Introduction A cash flow statement is an important report prepared by companies at the end of the financial year. The report gives information on cash transactions undertaken by a company during a given financial year. The paper seeks to carry out an evaluation of statement of cash flow. The paper...
Introduction The world of business has been changing drastically over the years. The change has prompted key developments in the accounting field to ensure responsiveness to the various accounting activities such as bookkeeping. Major changes have been experienced because of globalization where more organizations are operating in different international markets....
The uses and purposes of the Statement of cash flow Different parties use the statement of cash flow for different purposes. The parties interested in the usage of cash flow statements are accountants, creditors, investors, contractors, employees, and shareholders. Financial analysts require cash flow statements to know if the corporation...
Any business that engages in international transactions is faced with the accounting challenge of whether to prepare a consolidated or a separated financial statement. However, IAS 27 mandates the subsidiary firms to prepare their financial statement by either using the foreign currency or the parent companyâs reporting currency. The assets,...
Real estate business is one of the most successful investments all over the world nowadays. However, its success depends on several factors such as location. The real estate business in the United Arab Emirates has been booming for a while now (Aladdin & Elbadawi, 2012). This follows two years of...
Underwriting is the process of determining the eligibility of an individual to get a loan from a financial institution or benefit from an insurance plan (Catlin, Peter and Walker 11). Financial and insurance companies take this process more seriously than any other process in their operations because they know that...
Harry Markowitz Markowitz while reading the book The Theory of Investment Value written by John Burr Williams noted that the author proposed that the value of a stock should be the present value of its dividends. Markowitz argued that the problem with this novel theory was that the future dividends...
Introduction In organizations with clear-cut structures, comprehending the roles and relationships between the human resources department and the finance department is critical for the success and attainment of the desired outcomes (Shleifer & Vishny, 2007). The current roles of the human resources department have become sophisticated and need more collaboration...
The recent global economic financial crisis is responsible for a new era of cutbacks that have a significant effect on public spending. In the last few years, public manager sectors have been forced to innovate and find new means of survival as governments intensify financial cutbacks on various sectors of...
