Boost your business studies with our free business paper sample database
Introduction Service-line management is used to discover professional clinical areas and how to manage the areas as discrete operational units. It gives the NHS foundation trusts to comprehend their performance and order their services in such a manner that patients get to benefit and deliver efficiency for the trusts. Service-line...
Introduction In todayâs society, the role that management plays in all facets of life cannot be overstated. Manâs ability to plan for the present and future is purely based on the fundamentals of management. As such, management in whatever capacity is the key determinant to the success or failure of...
Introduction In efforts to maximize profits, organizations need to be grounded on factors such as costs, factors that are seminal in determining the profitability of the firm. Costs are generally categorized into two; fixed and variable costs. Variable costs are those that vary with production while fixed costs are constant....
Incremental Cash Flows Once a firm has compiled a list of prospective investments, it must then select from among them that combination of projects that maximizes the firm’s value to its shareholders. This selection requires a set of rules and decision criteria that enable managers to determine, given an investment...
Introduction The recent change in contextual accounting in Europe is to adopt a distinct approach in place of traditional budgeting. This approach has been recommended given the shortcomings of the traditional budgeting exercise. Literature has identified budgeting as an important control tool in the hands of the management (Anthony &...
Introduction To begin with, there is a strong necessity to emphasize that the governing bodies for the accounting professions are numerous and act on the basis of regulating the rules and principles of the standards of accounting worldwide. Originally, the accounting principles in particular, and the accounting professions in general...
History: The Need for Activity Based Costing In the 1980s, many managers became disillusioned with their cost accounting system. This led to the adoption of activity-based costing systems because of dissatisfaction that these managers with regards to their existing cost accounting system. There are several reasons for this choice. The...
Overview In the 1920s, the conventional model of budgeting was developed. That tie was a positive step towards financial integration. However, with time, the current budgeting standards have been under immense pressure. The current budgeting model is feeling pressure from both, the theoretical as well as practical aspects. On one...
Industry: Machine Tools & Accessories Flow International Corp. Ticker: FLOW Recommendation: â Price: 3.39 (as of 19 November 2010). Price Target: 3.50 Earnings/Share Mar. Jun. Sept. Dec. Year P/ERatio 2005A $0.07 $0.09 $0.08 $0.00 $0.00 0.0x 2006A 1.6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 2007A 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0...
Introduction There are various forms in which an individual can finance a business. The major sources of financing a business include debt and equity financing among others. An individual is therefore faced with a task of making a decision on the best form of financing depending on the size and...
Introduction Willis & Adams must address critical elements discussed in this report before accepting the new client, EarthWear Clothiers (EarthWear), for carrying out its external audit. Since EarthWear is a publicly listed company and its operations are not limited to a single market, therefore it is vital to assess the...
Introduction Modern businesses usually plan ahead before time. This is important for the businesses to be able to pay its expenses and solidify their liquidity status. Just like any other cost of the business, the process of profit planning is used to manage profits, that when further analyzed can be...
This paper is going to focus on three selected public companies: Mac Donald, Starbucks and American International group. Looking at McDonaldâs balance sheet for the year 2005 we can be able to ascertain its financial position for the period ending 31st December 2005. The total current assets for McDonald in...
Introduction Guillermo Furniture Company is faced with the decision of whether to continue producing furniture, or whether to adopt a Hi-Tech technology or become a distributor of another manufacturer’s furniture. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the different financial alternatives that are available to Guillermo Furniture Company and...
Generally, the idea of outsourcing is not new as it has been applied in many organizations all over the world. However, just like all business strategies, it has its advantages and limitations which the managers in charge of the firm must be aware of its existence. When we examine the...
Introduction Cost accounting is a type of accounting whose main objective is to establish the cost of operations, products, raw materials, analysis variances, create budgets and assign costs to various cost centers and profits centers too. It is for this reason that managers depend on cost accounting in decision making...
Identifying situations where sampling is appropriate Any large quantitative or qualitative entity, body, aspect, issue, hypothesis, occurrence be it social, natural, economic, numeric or political can be analyzed using statistical sampling techniques. Statistical sampling entails a randomized or non-randomized selection of subsets of the whole and large population, testing the...
Introduction Hill & Smith Holdings PLC is a company that engages in the design, manufacture, and supply of infrastructure, building, and construction products as well as in the provision of galvanizing services. The company sells its products in the United Kingdom, China, the United States, Thailand, and France. The company...
Introduction It is important that all business enterprises analyse their financial statements at the end of every trading period (Helfert, 2001, p.78). Once the financial statements have been prepared, they have to be analysed to show the stability, liquidity, solvency and profitability of the organisation among other areas of concern....
As it was required, I analyzed the effects of the acquisition on the combined companyâs financial statement, focusing on the companyâs goodwill accounting. The main problem that must be considered is the King Companyâs acquisition of a smaller company and how its goodwill impacts the companyâs financial statements. The worse...
Introduction Regardless of the nature of an organization or the kind of business an organization is involved in, it is important for all organizations to maintain a set of financial records for not only accountability purposes but also as important records to show the progress of a business. In addition,...
Introduction This paper evaluates PepsiCo, Inc., and Coca Cola Company by performing ratio analysis, vertical analysis and horizontal analysis of both companies. Ratio Analysis Ratios can be divided into several categories as follows: (Block & Hirt, 2007). Profitability Ratios There are several ratios under this category. Profit Margin This is...
Introduction Auditing refers to processes of examination and verification of company financial records/documents for reasons of attracting investors or selling the company or obtaining loans by offering audited records and also to ensure compliance to regulations. The objective of this presentation is to relate to audit functions in Coca-Cola Company...
Financial statements provide information on the financial condition, operations results, and changes in its financial state. It should contain information about the enterprise’s assets and liabilities, the consequences of actions, events, and circumstances. This information is needed by a wide range of users when making economic decisions. In the United...
Introduction Each organization is exposed to various features that determine its action plans regarding all functions. This set of factors is termed as the environment and its influence on the decision-making process of every organization is real. As a result, it is imperative that an organization understands the features of...
Executive Summary In respect of leasing transactions of the entities, presently both IASB and FASB provide for different accounting standards. IAS 17 Leases and its equivalent requirements in US GAAP provide for financial and operating leases. The categorization of the leases into these two classes is based on several considerations....
The summary of the article The authors of this article, James Schmutte and James Duncan, discuss the adoption of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), which increases expenditures on federal social programs. In particular, they focus on the challenges, arising in connection with auditing non-for-profit organizations, which receive federal...
Introduction Management control system applied in an institute which avails and utilizes it in determining the actual operations of separate facilities and resources to be utilized in the company. These include human resources and the resources relating to finance. This also entails the organization as a whole considering the organizational...
Introduction Decision making in corporations is largely influenced by their capital structure as it is from the capital that they have managed to raise that such corporations are able to fund their operations. This capital is in most cases raised from different sources and as such companies seek to source...
Introduction In order to increase its productivity and monitor its progress, Riordan organization needs to devise a compliance plan that is customized to suit the organizationâs field of production. Riordanâs vigorous expansion may be attributed to its mission, vision, and value statements. These statements concentrate on four areas namely, customer...
The overlap between the IT strategy and Frito Lay business strategy Before the admission of Michael Jordan, Frito Lay followed the traditional way of decision-making. A business strategy for the company defines all areas in an interrelated manner where one area is expected to influence and be influenced by another....
Introduction The company started its operations in 1983 in Seattle, Washington DC (Form 10-K,â 2009, p.2). Costco is known to be the largest wholesale membership club in the U.S. It is ranked as the third largest retailer in the United States and the ninth largest in the world, according to...
Introduction Apple Company is an American multinational Company which designs and manufactures Consumer electronics and software products. The products include Macintosh computers, pod, iphone, Pro line laptops, desktops, consumer line laptops, servers, and Apple TV, as the Hardware. The Company was started in 1976 by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and...
The companyâs ticker symbol is CAT. From the above chart we can see that the companyâs stock price has been quite volatile, while the earnings per share have been fairly stable. Overview of the company Caterpillar is a manufacturing company which was founded in 1925 as Caterpillar Tractor Co, with...
Introduction Vertical analysis of the financial statements of a company is attempted by preparing and presenting common size statements. This analysis reflects the individual items as shown in the financial reports expressed as a percent of the total of different heads included in such reports. Phillips-Van Heusen Corporation From the...
Introduction Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC) is a chemical manufacturing company located in Riyadh. It is one of the top manufacturing companies in Saudi Arabia and the whole of the Middle East with generated revenues that are in the region of the $40 billion mark and a workforce comprised of...
Introduction Procter & Gamble was formed in the 18th century by William Procter and James Gamble. William was a candle maker while James was a soap maker. These two immigrants from the United Kingdom put together their resources and formed the company. P&G experienced a lot of growth in 19th...
Introduction Procter and Gamble Company head office is based in Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A. it is a key international company that trades in following products: pet supplies, pharmaceuticals, personal care and cleaning supplies. The company started in 1837 as a small scale family-run soap and candle enterprise and grew with time...
In 1965, two established firms merged and formed the Northern Rock society. A rapid expansion program through various mergers and acquisition initiatives ensured the consolidation of the bank. This was done through the acquisition of fifty three smaller societies by the Northern Rock and one major acquisition. This last was...
Introduction âManagement Accounting without Accountantsâ by Pierce, B., (2002) has been represented an important dilemma of management accountants and management accounting. During the eighties, the development of management accounting has raised the question whether the management accountants would survive within their career field or their needs would be diminished in...
Introduction For effective sustainability of every business organization, running on profitability is not an option for the concerned business. This is observed by calculating its trend or ratio analysis. Trend analysis, therefore, is a key component of determining business sustainability and profitability amongst others. Organizations may get profits, but still...
Introduction Huffman Trucking is a trucking company established in 1936. It is a national company with several employees. It operates in Los Angeles California and many places. There was a request for an election system (service number sr-ht-001) that would help in tracking employee records and help bring out employee...
Introduction The financial ratios are very important to investors and nursing facilities can be able to make comparison of its companyâs performance in relation to other firms. Most of the ratios are usually calculated from the information that is given by a company. These ratios can be used to assess...
Introduction Weather derivatives are the financial instruments used by either individuals or organizations as a partial strategy to risk management aimed at reducing the risk or risks associated with unpredictable adverse weather conditions. The cardinal difference between weather derivatives and the other derivatives is that the aspect in question bears...
Introduction This paper is about the ongoing economic meltdown caused by the credit crunch in the US and UK economies since the winter of 2007. The paper explains what the credit crunch is all about as well as what caused the credit crunch. It has been said that the post...
Financial fraud can be defined in so many ways by different scholars and financial analyst but the most common ones include (Gioia p.6). Manipulation of accounting figures, this normally happens when managers of an organization intentionally understate or overstate the company financial information in order to favor the firm financial...
In the banking sense, this is a bankâs exposure to the possibility of becoming insolvent. This is a situation in which the bankâs creditors and/or regulators compel it to cease trading until it is recapitalised, taken over or wound up. In other words it is the risk of ultimate financial...
Introduction It is important to look at the problems that venture capital and private equity firms face. Many firms have had numerous problems in conducting their business. Pinnacle ventures came into existence in 2002 with its headquarters in Palo Alto, California. It mostly aimed to specialize in the unusual hybrid...
Introduction Capital structure refers to the manner in which a corporation finances its assets using a composite of equity, debt or another form of funding. Hence restated, the capital structure is the composition of a firm’s liabilities. Capital structure is derived from determining the ratio of total assets of a...
Executive Summary This dissertation aims to examine the effects of the global financial crisis on the Saudi market and to find out the solution to save the economy from this credit crunch. Firstly, this report concentrates on the significance of the study, research objectives, background of the problems, scopes of...
UK Base Interest Rate General Notions The notions of interest rate and exchange rate are interconnected and vitally important for the economies of different countries. To better understand the meaning of interest rate increase for the dynamics of the exchange rate it is first of all necessary to define and...
He comes unfailing for the loan We give and then forget; He comes, and probably for years Will he be coming yet,â Familiar as an old mistake, And futile as regret. ~ Edwin Arlington Robinson In a time when the economic crisis is at its apex, more and more industries...
Company Profile McBride Plc. is one of the leading manufacturing companies of household items and personal care products. The company is registered in the UK and its stocks are listed on FTSE 250. The company is currently operating in major markets across Europe and it has 20 factories in eight...
Christopher Barke has been appointed as the director in Hatfield forest conservation trust which is a non- profit making organization. His appointment comes after his aunt donated a hall located at a prime place and set the appointment of his nephew as the condition to be met by the trust...
Introduction Competency management systems are an evolution from learning management systems where employee skills are matched with the job requirements to provide production efficiencies (Hyde 2006). Nonetheless, competency management as a discipline evolved from the development of competencies (which also came from the development of organizational and societal changes in...
Introduction The international financial market presents multiple challenges to a business enterprise seeking to strategically manage its global operations. The firmâs primary concern is to improve revenues at low costs and bring in higher profits. At the same time, modern and sound business principles dictate that in any business, prudent...
Introduction The Google Merchandise store is a platform that provides an opportunity for Google’s brand to move forward. The appropriate allocation of the budget will lead to needed and timely investments in the features that need improvement and improve the control over the cash flow (“Budgeting and business planning,â 2020)....
Computations The computations for completing comparisons between the three industries can be performed by managers at any time to determine how the company he or she manages measures in comparison to other companies. All data was taken from the income statements ending 2009 and balance statements from the end of...
ÂÂInterest is the amount of funds paid to a lender in addition to the funds borrowed. Interest rate is the fixed or variable amount payable per unit time, given as a percentage or fraction of the principal and therefore determines the exact funds paid in a given period of time....
In the beginning, it should be stated that in order to provide an efficient pay-for-performance system, public schools are to invest substantial time, finances, and other resources. The mentioned aspects may be reached by making investments that go beyond a solely financial issue. Performance assessment may be considered as a...
Ingenbleek, Paul, Debruyne, Marion, Frambach, Ruud and Verhallen Theo. âSuccessful New Product Pricing Practices: A Contingency Approach.â Marketing Letters 14:4. (2003): 289-305. Introduction The pricing research in new product performance was mainly centred on normative strategies, and customerâs price and value judgments. Previous studies show that organisations fix new product...
Executive summary Stakeholders always rely on financial ratios to make a financial decision in relation to an organisation under consideration. Various stakeholders are always interested in various accounting ratios. Investors are interested in all the ratios while long-term debt provider is interested in the gearing ratios. Other suppliers are interested...
Abstract U.S. corporations have come under heavy criticism in the recent past due to their top executive compensation schemes. This has been especially in light of the recent financial crises which have resulted in companies failing while CEOs and company top management continue to enjoy high pay. This paper advances...
Introduction The success of any business venture can be attributed to the strength of its financial muscle. Businesses of all types and sizes certainly require funds in order for them to survive and be able to substantively grow and expand. For a business to thrive, it has to effectively compete...
Introduction Small and Medium Enterprises â SMEs as a whole play a very vital role in the stability of a countryâs economy and this importance becomes more relevant in the wake of the recent financial crisis which started in the United States of America and eventually affected other parts of...
Introduction Acquisition refers to the act of contracting or taking possession of something. Firms that have an acquisition contract agree on the terms and conditions that will guide the contract. It, therefore, seems that the acquiring company starts a new project which requires specific considerations. The issues that a manager...
Although it is not easy to measure and quantify the value of statistics in modern society, the US government data plays fundamental roles in several sectors of the nation’s economy. According to Hughes-Cromwick and Coronado’s (2019) article on the value of economic data on business decisions, there are several benefits...
Introduction The basic question that should come in every economic oriented individual is to try and find out the essence of measuring performance. The primary role of any measurement taking place is to provide feedback. This feedback helps an organization analyze its current position and makes adjustments in order to...
Introduction Global warming, acid rain and smog are a few of the effects of atmospheric pollution brought about by the emission of greenhouse gases such as Sulphur Dioxide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and many more. To reduce this kind of pollution, nations such as the European Union member nations and...
Introduction In any business enterprise or organization, there are two broad categories of accounting information that are produced. That is financial and management accounts. Financial accounts are majorly produced for the external business environments who are mainly the shareholders, investors, creditors, and the general public. On the other hand, the...
Abstract The accounting theory is going to be considered with the reference to the historical perspective of the issue development. Moreover, the structure of the accounting theory is going to be considered with the aim to understand the place of the accounting objectives in this structure, theoretical knowledge and practical...
Introduction Managerial accounting is a branch of accounting that is of great importance to any business enterprise. Managerial accounting gives the managers and the internal personnel a summary of all the companyâs activities that are of importance to them. Unlike financial accounting which provides the companyâs financial data to the...
Introduction Categorizing accounting practices, it can be sstated that there a two recognized systems, which mainly differ in the way a company records revenues and expenses. The two systems are titled, accrual-basis accounting and cash-basis accounting. The main difference between the two systems can be seen through the time the...
Introduction The purpose of this study is to analyze Papa Johnâs current financial position and to use it to decide on whether to approve loans or to raise more equity capital. Overview Papa Johnâs is the third-largest firm in the Pizza industry in the United States, after Pizza Hut and...
Introduction International Standard on Auditing have defined audit documentation ISA 230 as âThe record of audit procedures performed, relevant audit evidence obtained, and conclusions the auditors reachedâ (Pine, 2009). This is a crucial element of an audit engagement and places great responsibilities on auditors to ensure that evidence collected during...
Introduction According to Martijn and Eelke (2009), a management accounting innovation refers to a new idea that is adopted by an organization and this idea is used for information systems and financial systems to help managers in decision making. Rogers (1995) observes that management accounting innovation is a vital aspect...
Introduction To develop the global harmonization of financial accounting rules the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) are working hand in hand (Ketz, 2009). Since 1973, FASB has been working as a private organization for establishing the standards of financial accounting to administrate the preparation...
Introduction Management accounting can be defined as the process of preparing management accounts that are aimed at providing accurate and timely financial as well as statistical information needed by accounting management agents within a company such as; department managers and the chief executive officer for important decision making. The financial...
Introduction Analyzing leasing, there might be several definitions varying in terminology, but nevertheless, stemming from the same financial concept. In that regard, leasing can be defined as a contractual agreement, between two parties, in which the right to use specific property or asset is transferred for a specified duration and...
Introduction The current development in the business industry has called for need by organizations to have superior methods of detecting and managing risks. This is to ensure that the business is continuously in operation to overcome the chances of losing customers due to diminished customer loyalty. Every business organization; regardless...
Introduction Backwell IXL is the small-to-medium sized manufacturing company, the main sphere of which is divided into three categories, such as foundry, appliances and manufacturing. The defining feature, and one of the most interesting facts of its history is the fact that it was founded in 1858 as a family...
Introduction This report aims at understanding the theories presented in module 2 âManaging Information Technologyâ and its approaches which forms part of the subject of âIndustrial Systems and Environmentâ. It will determine the strategic planning methodologies for the management of advance information technology of a major organization and provide theories...
Introduction Industrial training is very important for the students because it is through it that the students are able to understand how the theory learnt in class is applied in the corporate real word (Allen, 123). Industrial training helps the student to develop good skills on how to deal and...
Probability is that part of the statistical sciences that deals with uncertainty and chance. As a branch of statistics, probability theory and applications are used to develop a future projection of the likelihood of happening (or not happening) of an event. Understanding probability is helpful for decision-making in business as...
Introduction Our company IT solutions inc. is a small company dealing in turnkey network design and implementation. The Company is owned by the CEO Jonathan Weinberger, who is a PMP certified expert and believes in PMI way of managing all projects. In addition to the CEO, the company has 5...
Introduction The current CSR landscape of the Australian financial market is featured with the extensive density of players, investors, private initiatives etc. The aims of these companies are extremely various, and the actual importance of their activity is stimulated by various benefits, as the focus, the sphere, structure, membership and...
Introduction Management accounting is a branch of accounting that provides the management with information necessary for decision making, planning, and controlling and information to safeguard the course of an organization (ASCE. 2005). Generally, management accounting entails the different managerial functions of planning, organizing, coordinating, controlling, and motivating. This branch of...
The gross profit of Citi group in 2008 was USD 121,429 M. while in 2009, USD 106,655 M. The decrease in gross revenue was attributed to the economic recession that was experienced during the last three years. Citi group is a financial institution company, deals in intangible assets. Therefore, they...
Executive Summary Tweedie was found to be more profitable, efficient, and more liquid but has higher financial leverage than its competitor Bilton. Tweedieâs very high liquidity should have been used to improve its financial leverage. Despite this, there is still a good reason therefore to recommend the acquisition of Tweedie...
Introduction The global economic conditions have affected the financial markets to a great deal causing companies to make use of strategies that seek to maximize returns and minimize losses while prudently and effectively managing risks. The level and composition of equity capital held by companies is of great concern as...
Introduction The aim of this paper is to give an analysis of a company in the industry sector. This paper has chosen to discuss Newmont Mining Corporation and will give an analysis of the company. This paper will discuss the other companies that Newmont Mining Corporation competes with. The market...
Introduction All management decisions which affect the firmâs cash flow are considered to be capital budgeting decisions. In undertaking investment projects such as acquisitions or new projects, management teams need to conduct cash flow analysis. In finance, cash flow refers to the total amount of net cash that a given...
Introduction The partnership is easier to create and control when compared to a corporation. There are several influential reasons for entering a partnership agreement. The research focuses on learning the nuances of partnership accounting. One nuance is the admission of a new partner. The research focuses on the partnership members...
Introduction Managerial accounting is one of the concepts in accounting and it provides important information to help users to come up with better decisions concerning certain issues in business organizations. Managerial accounting provides the users with both financial as well as non financial information to organizations management team and decision...
It is an important facet of any professional body, irrespective of how large or small, to put in place mechanisms that will deliver an effective code of conduct. This is especially so because practically all aspects of work done by professionals have an ethical dimension. But while only a few...
Conflicting Accounting Principles As suggested by Buxbaum (1996), the accounting principles may be in conflict due to the great number of discrepancies such as âforeign currency translationâ (p. 166). In this respect, it is necessary to analyze the accounting data from accounting statement with regard to possible occurrence of such...
Introduction The IASB and the FASB proposed a new accounting model that will enhance transparency and reduce complexity in the current accounting standards on lease contracts. In a Board meeting contacted in March 2009, members proposed significant changes to be made on how leases on assets and liabilities are to...
Y-Budget Ltd Monthly Production and Purchase Budgets September October November December Units 500 300 200 200 Opening Stock 125 75 50 50 Requirement for the Month 375 225 150 150 Closing Stock 75 50 50 – Production Budget 450 275 200 150 September October November December Raw Materials Budget Material...
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a corporation that controls the situation in the sphere of healthcare, medicine, and the quality of people’s lives all over the world. It is crucial to mention that it is not a private company; that is why its aim is not to become profitable....
In any business operation, cost is an integral aspect that affects the way activities are carried out. Costs in business are classified in to various categories depending on the cost center where they are incurred in the business and their behavior as various activities change. The behavior of costs in...
Financial modeling of the project is closely associated with the necessity to allocate the resources properly. The project is mainly aimed at creating additional workplaces, developing industrial sector, and engaging in partnership with private sector. The total area of the project (including roads and utilities) will total 750 000 sq.m....
Introduction International Finance Reporting Standards (IFRS) is a set of accounting regulations that have been developed and adopted by the International Accounting Standard Board. The standards have been developed from the International Accounting Standards (IAS). The Australian decision to adopt IFRS has caused significant changes in the accounting procedures and...
