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Introduction Companies are required to publish the financial results of business operation on a periodic basis. This can either be monthly, quarterly, semi-annually or annually. This requirement is necessary because it provides various stakeholders of a company with information that relates to the overall performance of the company. The key...
Introduction In accounting, depreciation is a loss of value of a business asset/equipment over time. It is treated as an expense when computing profit and loss for an organization. The value of any equipment in an organization reduces over time due to continuous use. Since depreciation is equally important like...
Introduction Accounting is an important aspect of any business entity as it provides financial information which is useful in decision making. There are many users of financial information such as managers and potential investors which makes accounting a crucial tool. It is through accounting that people are able to interpret...
Relationship between Accounting and Finance Accounting and finance constitute very fundamental concepts in contemporary business organisations. The usefulness of these concepts has become prominent over time, and especially in the recent past. Today, every business organisation garnering for success in the world must pay special attention to its accounting and...
Introduction There are various basic accounting concepts defining the assumptions underlying the preparation of financial statements. The accounting process is well regulated in the United Kingdom (UK). However, these rules and regulations do not eliminate the need for judgments and estimations to be made by preparers of accounts. In most...
Absorption costing Generally, absorption costing traces both the fixed and variable costs of production. The absorption costing method estimates the closing stock at full production cost and includes a share of fixed production. In using this approach, a share of the fixed cost of production is allocated to each product....
Introduction A budget is a very important tool in management. It is described as a plan of action for a certain period, it describes the expected level of activity, and the resources needed to achieve that level of activity. Budgets can be prepared on a departmental basis or on an...
Management of a company should ensure there is efficiency and transparency in their organization. One tool used to facilitate efficiency, transparency and informed decision-making is an audit. The traditional internal audit process was paper-based while modern internal audits are using computers to assist them to deliver better results. Internal audits...
Apple incorporation is a well-established multinational corporation dealing in personal computers, software and consumer electronics (Apple Incorporation, 2010).This firm was founded in 1977. Apple currently controls an undisputable repute in the consumer electronics industry especially so in the USA. A number of information systems support Apple Incorporation. These systems include...
Financial Analysis Executive Summary This paper seeks to analyze three companies; ANZ bank group, Virgin Blue and Wesfarmers for investment appropriateness. All three companies are based in Australia and operate in the Australia and New Zealand region with significant operations outside as well. The analysis applies both quantitative and qualitative...
Introduction This paper examines the information system of McDonald’s to provide responses to issues related to information systems and the accounting information system. These issues are tackled in four cases all involving the McDonald’s. The paper includes points on the internal and external users of the system, information produced by...
The success of CEMEX Company can be attributed to the waves of acquisition that the firm started undertaking in the late 1980s shortly after Lorenzo Zambrano reversed the firm’s long-term diversification plans. This change in the Company’s long-term strategic plan is what enabled CEMEX to become one of the largest...
Introduction Edison International (or “EIX”) is part of the electric utility industry. It is presently the holding company for three companies including California Edison Company (SCE), Edison Mission Energy (EME), and Edison Capital. Although the company operates through three segments including that of electric utility operation segment, a power generation...
Outsourcing is not a one-day process and takes time to be completed. Outsourcing is a procedure that takes stages before fully implementation. It is beneficial if it will lower costs of production of goods and services and delivering them to customers as noted by John, Halvey and Melby (2005). Even...
Snags Ltd is a company running its manufacturing business of sausages, hams and traditional small goods in Australia. The company has been performing exceptionally well since its inception, but the recent few years have proved to be tough for the company’s management. The recent decline in the performance of the...
I have chosen the company Billabong International Co, as it is one of the renowned brands in the board sports industry. I found this company interesting because its market value is increasing every year throughout the world. Its core operations include promoting, distributing, wholesaling and retailing its products. It offers...
Introduction Both Sainsbury and Tesco successfully hurdle the challenges of the grocery market segment. The research focuses on Sainsbury’s grocery business. Tesco generated the highest revenue amount in the United Kingdom grocery business. The research focuses on the revenue-generating activities of both Sainsbury and Tesco within the confines of the...
Introduction The analysis of the company is in three aspects financial performance, projection and recommendations. First its financial performance is assessed by reference to its ability to generate income. Ratios of financial efficiency in this respect focus to generate between income and sales and income and assets employed. Second, its...
Executive Summary The paper gives a report based on industrial attachment held at Harvey Davidson Company in Saudi Arabia. The paper starts first by introducing the topic of the study based on the internship, this is followed by a description of the company’s background; this section gives details on the...
Introduction A financial statement analysis of Billabong International Limited, a well-known Australian fashion, and clothing company, is carried out in this report using financial figures of 2010 and comparative figures of 2009. The company’s financial position is assessed using ratios in different categories. The results are attached to this report...
Introduction Following the 2001/2002 Arthur Andersen accountancy scandal and fall of Enron and WorldCom, the administration, the capitalists and the US community called for commercial restructuring to avert related future incidents. The collapse was for the most part seen to be a consequence of botched or inadequate administration, inadequate disclosure...
Introduction Financial management is an indispensable aspect in any business, particularly in the financial institutions. Therefore, quality and efficient gadgets are required in measuring its effectiveness. As the financial institutions grows, the financial system becomes complex due to the bureaucratic procedures the business operates in the name of trying to...
The topic under study in this term paper is agency cost problems that arise in corporations. The term paper will cover an introduction to the topic with the concept of agency costs being explored and discussed. The discussion will also focus on the concept of agency relationships that especially exist...
Corporations play a central role as far as the modern economy is concerned. This is because all or majority of the economic activities are usually performed by firms. The following essay is thus concerned with the examination of the agency cost problems in corporations. The essay is thus composed of...
Introduction Voluntary disclosure refers to issue of any information to the public that is non-mandatory. Such information may be an extension of the legal requirements e.g. extra financial information or in relation to subject matter for which there are no compulsory disclosure requirements e.g. non-financial information. The area of social...
Executive summary Jay Risher worked at Printcomm as the vice president and control manager. Printcomm is a communication firm that provides back-to-back printing service by merging production capabilities to generate finished copies and dispense the printed materials. Risher initiated plans to acquire Digitech Company because he discovered that the firm...
Background Of The Company Starbucks Corporation was founded in early 1970s in Washington DC, America. The main business of the company is brewing and selling coffee together with hot drinks and also cold drinks. The company also sells sandwiches, salads and hot dogs among other snack foods. Since its incorporation,...
Company’s Overview McPherson’s Limited started its operations in 1860. The company is operating in two diverse segments. First is the marketing and supply of household consumer goods, and second is stipulation of books and commercial printing services. Its consumer products are the foremost marketer of non-electric house ware goods with...
Introduction This report presents the consequences of disclosing accounting information to the public; the report analysis BHP Billiton stock market prices and the effect of releasing the accounting information to the public plus it also shows how investors reacted to good or bad news. The BHP Billiton’s competitors; Ampella Mining...
Executive Summary Business intelligence solutions have vanquished most of the old standalone solutions because they run in modules that are linked to ease operational burdens traditionally caused by information redundancy. The solutions are flexible and allow installation of some modules to run without others. It allows share-ability of information which...
Abstract In today’s highly competitive markets which are inundated with similar goods and services, the need for products or services that stand out in the market place is critical. Many companies are investing a lot of resources in product development and exploration of new markets, while others engage in price...
Marketing The advantages and disadvantages of Barr’s Product Mix Product mix is the combination of products that are produced by a particular company to attain its organizational goals. These products can be sold either in a particular market or in several markets. Diversifaction of the market helps the orgnanization to...
Background information Merging the history of the company The merging history of Dubai World had been started by the acquirement of one of its major portfolios recognized as DP World. Through such acquisition, the company had been enabled to gain growth in the mid- 2000s. Finally, the venture had been...
In a typical organization setup the most puzzling assets are equipments, plant and property. This is because their market value continues to reduce with years and when they have to be disposed the organization must ensure that the selling price is an amount that can be easily recovered. When an...
Legal Plan Services deals in the provision services to members. These services include; legal plans for commercial drivers, business owners, and law officers and the plan for the family. These services are beneficial to members especially when faced with a lawsuit. In this case, the services will be free of...
Introduction The performance of organisations and banking institutions in particular require stringent and shrewd quality management practices. In order to address the concept of quality management in a sound manner, it is vital to note that the efficiency and effectiveness with which financial institutions are managed is the major determinant...
LOI wants to dispose off some of its warehouse that contains asbestos materials; he does not have sufficient information concerning the law guiding the retirement obligation of assets. Some of the LOI assets are located in states where law concerning disposal of asbestos materials is in force. While the other...
Due to the rapid growth of businesses and globalization, procedures of international accounting have largely been emphasized. The globalization of business and the internationalization of financial markets has created need for investors not only to address their own local issues but also those of their trading counter parts (Doupnik, Timothy...
Introduction Cost accounting and reporting systems are vital in the process of financial budgeting and policy making to ensure accountability. Reporting systems are crucial indecision making by an organization and could be either internal or external. Internal reporting system creates financial reports that help in decision making within the organization....
Introduction Flexible budgeting can be defined as the use of budget that has capacity to adjust to changes occurring in the quantity of activities. A flexible budget is more complicated and important than a static budget which does not exhibit changes in amounts even when there are changes in activity...
The FASB is an institute that does not work for profit, and whose main purpose is to develop the codification standard; a set of rules that govern the presentation of financial statements. In the literature, the FASB accounting standards codification is identified as the basis of the GAAP, the Generally...
Introduction Cost management is a strategic management tool that looks into the best approaches to minimize costs and maximize profits within a business. It focuses on the impact of current or proposed decisions on the future of an organisation; cost management main aim is to assist organisations to make such...
Introduction A budget can be defined as a financial plan for the future. Budgets are therefore used as planning tools, and thus they are normally prepared before the budget period commences. This is done in order to be able to compare the budgeted activities/outputs with the actual activities/outputs at the...
Accounting information aids internal and external users in making sound financial decisions. Financial accounting provides information to external users such as shareholders, financial providers, regulators, and tax authorities, thus is available to the public. Managerial accounting provides information to internal users, for planning, budgeting, and controlling; it is confidential in...
Introduction The main aim of cost management is to reduce operational costs alongside improving customers’ satisfaction; to attain this objective, management accountant’s needs to come up with programs and policies that enhance the attainment of the two agendas. When coming up with the cost management strategies, they need to follow...
According to GAAPs Codification 360: 25-3, fixed assets should be recognised as part of a company’s property when they have been acquired for use in production of goods and services. GAAP defines fixed assets as business properties that last for more than one year and used to produce goods and...
Introduction Company managers will confirm that the occurrence of any unplanned and unforeseen event is a matter of constant concern. These events have the potential to affect the normal running of business. Such events include sudden departure of an employee, theft of company assets or even a sudden increase or...
Statement of the Problem Organizations are currently under increased pressure to improve their performance and gain competitive advantage along with continually reviewing their operations with the aim of addressing threats emanating from changes in the external environment and harnessing the opportunities (Mani, Barua & Whinston, 2010). IT outsourcing and business...
Introduction Nearly every organization today is faced with a challenge of coping with constantly changing information systems and needs. Businesses that have been around for a long time have had to adjust from ledger cards to keeping up with big volumes of information generated in the digital era. The speeds...
Introduction The concepts of knowledge, experience and place are interlinked because they collectively define the human-environment interaction, which is at the core of understanding place theories. Memmott and Long (2002) reiterate that, the concept of place takes the form of an interactive forum where people and the environment mutually interact...
Introduction To improve efficiency and reduce business costs, companies and organizations use analysis tools. Organizations are supposed to use the right analysis tools in the right circumstances. To get the right analysis tool, organizations should pay attention to the needs of the business and look for the best analysis tools...
Compare the pension plans of Coca-Cola and PepsiCo Pension schemes are legal contracts entered as part of an employment contract with the aim of providing income to an employee after retirement; there are government-operated schemes while others are private schemes operated by companies on behalf of their employees. Having an...
Introduction Accounting and accountability shares a lot of common properties even though in practice accounting is an activity with standard processes while accountability is one of the main values and principles that form the foundation of the conduct and custom of accountants, auditors and other professionals. Chambers (2006, p.234) asserts...
Introduction A few decades ago, the position of an IT Manager was not easy to come by, such titles only existed in organizations that sold IT-based products and services. However, this has changed and today, even the most buttoned-up of companies have an IT department run by an IT manager,...
Introduction Audit risk refers to the possibility that an error will go unnoticed during the auditing process, hence an auditor will end up giving an inappropriate opinion of the financial records. An auditor is required to carefully plan his auditing so that the risk is reduced when giving a report...
Businesses require experts in different fields for their success; accounting and auditors are part of the larger team with a financial and operational role to play. Other than in audit firms and financial consultancy organizations, accountants and auditors are in the support service department providing expertise to other departments. Auditors...
Introduction For a long time, companies have consistently measured asset impairment in a subjective manner. This kind of reporting has been done in very shallow ways; meaning that the kind of accounting practices undertaken is more applicable in theory than in practice. However, there are many advantages attributed to the...
Introduction The following essay is concerned with the measurement of impairment of many types of assets in company reporting. It is considered that the measurement of the amount of impairment of many types of assets is so subjective as to be meaningless. This essay thus discusses the extent of this...
Introduction Non-accountants are likely to calculate profits using cash accounting system; under the system, profit is calculate as the difference between cash receipts and cash payments; however, International Financial reporting standards (IFRS) require firms to prepare financial reports using the accrual accounting method. Under accrual method of accounting, expenses and...
Introduction The decision to issue out dividends to the shareholders is usually a closely debated issue within the circles of company management. Usually, the decision to issue out dividends is not the only basic decision directors make but it is complimentary to the decision on whether to issue out dividends...
The global business community is not unaccustomed to financial scandals. The competitive nature of business often leads to some unscrupulous business practices sometimes with catastrophic results. Owing to such risk it is also expected that government provide legislation that can help control or limit the occurrence such practices. The Sarbanes-Oxley...
Introduction Cisco Systems, Inc according to Cisco (2010) was founded in 1984 by Sandy Lerner and Len Bosack as a pioneer company in the development of the Internet Protocol based networking technologies. The firm is an international leader in the networking and internet industry as it has played an important...
Introduction Within a short period, budgeting has been removed from its important position as the control system in most organizations and has been subjected to considerable criticism too. Budgeting has been termed as ‘broken’ ‘a thing of the past or an ‘unnecessary evil’. Recent surveys have evidenced this turn of...
Introduction The income and cash flow statements are very important statements in relation to the short term and long term performance evaluation of any business organizations and also allow the business to formulate strategies that align to the performance objectives of the business. The income statement measures the actual performance...
Executive Summary For achieving a higher quality financial management in any organization, the underlying quality of financial governance and leadership is of primary importance. While good basic systems combined with effective processes and controls are also considered important, it is the overall financial culture of the organization which makes the...
Introduction Financial management refers to the process of planning for and allocating the organization’s financial resources with the objective of creating more wealth, generating more income or ensuring an adequate return on investment. Financial management as discussed by Henning et al (34), involves three main elements; financial planning, financial control...
Introduction The importance of health is being appreciated more by a large section of the population, due to its immense implication on the overall productivity in the social, political, and economic arenas. Australia has embraced enormous changes in the last few decades that have transformed the health system into an...
Introduction Despite what most of people think, being the financial manager of a corporation is not counting the profits and the losses of the firm. In fact, being the financial leader involves not only responsibility, but also the ability to conduct the analysis of the current state of company’s affairs...
Introduction Among the various fundamental aspects of life, health stands among the most important ones since it greatly determines how long one lives. The healthier you are, the higher your chances are of living longer, and so is the vice versa of this statement. Of course, there are other factors...
Executive Summary The purpose of this management report will be to critically examine the main theories of international financial management and assess the extent to which these theories can be used in the real world. This will be a critical examination of any empirical evidence that exists on the theories...
IPO Market Overview It’s quite evident that the world’s largest mining and metal industries have become troubled by the ‘wall of debt’ that has a serious impact on the supply of these metals in future. This can cause a very high process for the products in coming years. Debt concerns...
Introduction Following the elections, there has been a lot of pressure to reduce government spending. “The treasury management strategy demands that the council authorities must set prudential indicators annually to demonstrate that their capital investment plans are affordable and sustainable” (McDermott 4). The fire department and other council departments are...
Introduction The movement in prices of securities reflects the general state of economic activities in a country. If prices fluctuate so drastically, it means that the level of inflation is likely to be high. In fairly stable economies, prices of securities remain fairly stable over a reasonable period. On the...
Individual’s ontological beliefs have greatly affected their conceptualization of issues concerning accounting on basis of misconception diverting their understanding of the main dimension of the accounting to something that can almost be stated as misguided. This is as a result of misconception interpretation concerning the accounting dimensions which are teaching,...
Executive Summary Caterpillar Inc (Abbreviated as CAT on the NYSE) leads globally, by revenue, in the manufacture of construction/mining equipments, diesel/natural gas engines, industrial-gas turbines, electric-power plants, highway-trucks, as well as seaborne vessels. CAT has consistently led its industrial sector in the United States in past few decades and at...
The best way to use while using this method in a time series model is through generalizing differences between the two sets of data. If the standard deviation if the data is unknown the following equation is used. Yt =ztβ + ut Yt-1 =xt -1β + ut -1 multiply by...
Introduction In order to optimize the situation with the Australian payment systems, the Reserve Bank of Australia introduced the real-time gross settlement in 1998. Since then, the RTGS values have been increased by almost 70 % and the volumes of these wholesales payments have considerably grown as well. The implementation...
Introduction Ford Motor Company is a multinational corporation that is based in Michigan, U.S. It mainly deals in different kinds of automobiles such as Ford and Lincoln. Additionally, it owns a portion of the stake in Mazda of Japan and Aston Martin in the U.K. The company has a number...
Introduction It is apparent that the spiral effect of the current financial crisis is steadily but gradually taking its toll on both developing and developed world. Sooner than later, the effects of the current economic crisis could become devastating. In a sense, the world risks to lose its hard-won gains...
The world of business and finance is a rather complicated phenomenon due to the numerous rules and laws that regulate the relations between private persons and the whole business entities in it. One should be aware of the supply and demand conditions, price fluctuations, etc. to become a successful business...
Introduction A stock market is a public organization where shares of listed companies are traded at given prices. Unlike the ordinary market, the stock market is not a physical place but rather a network. This paper seeks to discuss the Saudi Arabian stock market. The paper will look at the...
Introduction Mishkin (2007) advanced an argument that upside risks refer to the level at which the value of a security or any other specified capital investment rises past the forecasted value of the security. In addition, Myers and Nicholas (1984) proposed that upside risks denote opportunities and potential to gain...
Every business entity requires some funds at different points during its trading period. The funds are required for start up in the case of a new business and for expansionary or development purposes for the continuing businesses. There are usually two ways of raising this finance, either from external sources...
Executive Summary Based in South Africa, Aveng Limited is engaged in construction and steel beneficiation. The Company is functioning at a global level with its subsidiary companies. “The Company’s business segments include construction and Processing, which consists of Grinaker-LTA, McConnell Dowell Corporation Limited, and Processing and Projects Company (E+PC). McConnell...
Introduction The UK’s HM Treasury, in its document ‘A new approach to financial regulation: judgment, focus and stability’, has proposed altering the institutional structure of financial regulation in the UK.The following essay examines the different potential approaches to the development of institutional structures of financial regulation in the United Kingdom....
Information Technology (IT) professionals assume that most organizational problems are solvable by technology. These professionals mostly work in back-office operations and do not directly interact with clients. The result of a technology-driven mindset is that the promoted solutions are always what is best in the short term. The nature of...
Introduction The organizational literature provides two major concepts that aid in comprehending the job restructuring process. The two concepts are job design and system redesign respectively. The job design deals with the actual activities undertaken by individuals in the workplace. Such activities encompass the roles, as well as the methods...
Variables are measurable attributes that assume different values among the subjects under consideration. The variables used in this study fell in the broad category of the dependent variable and independent variable. The variables that have been considered independent are those that the researcher doctored to determine their effect on another...
Introduction In their operation, organizations are guided by several predetermined objectives. The objectives form the basis upon which the firms formulate their operational strategies. Growth is one of the core objectives that firms intend to attain as a going concern entity and is considered as a key driver. A firm...
Capital investments and major developments in a business are implemented through a project; the success of a project depends on how well it has been planned for, implemented, monitored and controlled. When developing a program, it is important to have a full cycle of project management which are planning, organizing,...
Equal Employment Opportunity Such a concept as equal opportunity employment (EEO) first emerged after the adoption of the Civil Rights Act in 1964 (Burstein, 1994, p 247). This law was aimed at protecting applicants or employees from discrimination on the basis of their religion, age, sex, race, or ethnic origin....
Introduction The pressure on individuals that is being exerted by the budgetary process for meeting the performance standards have to be limited to their extent. Otherwise, such pressure itself will become detrimental in maximizing the contribution of the individual employees. Similarly, the norms and standards of performance should be so...
Introduction At will employment refers to the situation where without a written employment the employee or the employer can terminate the employment at any time for a good, bad cause or no cause at all(Herman, 2006). There are three exceptions to the aspect of at will employment. This is advantageous...
Introduction In today’s world, the business environment has become very competitive; firms have been forced to use every means at their disposal to achieve results. Outsourcing has been the main focus for companies seeking to turn around their fortunes and or speed up their pace of innovation. (Babu 2005) However,...
The article Windows in the workplace: examining issues of environmental sustainability and occupant comfort in the selection of multi-glazed windows by Menzies and Wherrett is based on a study of four buildings in Edinburgh Scotland and a survey of architects and occupants. The study was carefully thought out with the...
Business Plan: Eurochina- China Summary Eurochina is an organization founded in a strategic market and industry position. Its vision, mission/purpose is developed based on the vital market demand gaps. The company is a medium sized plant facility founded in China but owned by a European organization. Its operation entails manufacturing...
The Central Processing Unit of any company depends on the Human Resource department to achieve its mission and vision. HR professionals’ primary role focuses on the managerial functions of the organization. The department is entrusted with the recruitment of a company’s labor force. This paper aims at examining how to...
Introduction Effective supervision is a fundamental requirement that enables an organization to adequately achieve its set goals. It promotes individuals to carry out their roles adequately for the purpose of organization appraisal. Supervision is a discipline that involves the guidance of other people either in a professional or individual context....
Background Organizations, whether profit-making, governmental or nonprofit, require human resources for their operations. Workers engage their mind, time, expertise, and intellectualism in their works; they expect to be compensated through wages, salaries, bonuses, and non-cash benefits. According to an employment agreement, an employer and employee are obliged to respect labor...
Introduction Appraisals in today’s competitive world have become the norm. Performance is highly sought on the backdrop of an ever demanding clientele served by different corporate and organizations. The Human Resources departments that carry out various appraisals especially on employees employ different methods (Sims 2007, p. 27). One of the...
Introduction Organizations are in a constant state of change, especially in contemporary society where competition is high. Apart from the need to change because of competition, there are other motivations that make an organization want to restructure itself. This is for example the need to attract qualified employees, the need...
Danford Leadership Impacted Danford’s leadership does not appreciate the idea of diversified work place ethics and it openly discriminates women against holding managerial position. As a result, they cannot be able to benefit from the diversity of leadership skills that women would have brought to the firm given the nature...
